What can result after 4 minutes following a CPA event?

After 4 minutes following a cardiac arrest event, the brain begins to suffer irreversible damage due to a lack of oxygen. The brain is highly sensitive to oxygen deprivation, and significant neuronal injury can occur within this short timeframe. While some individuals may exhibit minor neurological impairment or temporary confusion after more than 4 minutes of cerebral hypoxia, permanent brain injury is a very likely outcome if the heart has not been successfully restarted and blood circulation restored within this critical window. Immediate and effective CPR is crucial to maintain blood flow to the brain, but once 4 minutes have passed without resuscitation efforts leading to the restoration of circulation, the likelihood of permanent brain injury increases significantly. This understanding underscores the urgency and importance of rapid response in cardiac arrest situations.