What does the term "agonal breathing" refer to?

The term "agonal breathing" refers to a specific type of breathing pattern characterized by gasping or irregular breaths that can occur in the setting of cardiac arrest. This phenomenon often occurs when the brain is not receiving adequate oxygen due to a lack of effective heart function. Agonal breathing may be mistaken for normal breathing by bystanders, but it is typically shallow, labored, and ineffective in providing adequate oxygenation. Recognizing this type of breathing is crucial, as it indicates that the person is in a life-threatening situation requiring immediate medical intervention, specifically cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation if necessary. Identifying agonal breathing can prompt bystanders to act swiftly to help the victim, potentially saving their life.